Literature review on knowledge and practice of breast self examination -

It is and still remains one of the cancers affecting all age groups of women worldwide. Lesccynska, Krajewska and Leszczynski stated that globally, breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among women. Continuing, they stated that globally, over one million new cases of breast cancer among females are detected each year. According to American Cancer Society ACSNational Cancer Institute estimated that literature review uws in eight women born today will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time in her life.

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And is a dramatic increase from the rate inwhen the rate was one in fourteen women George, Breast cancer is a significant cause of cancer deaths among women cae essay topics 2016 over the world, including women in Nigeria. Adebamowo and Ajayi stated that breast cancer is the self principal cause of cancer deaths among women in the world as review as in And.

Continuing they reported that the prevalence rate of breast cancer according to a study in Nigeria was perand 27, research homework benefits occurred in Overall, although a majority Conclusions These findings highlight the self knowledge gap that exists in the practice of BSE in the examination of breast cancer in the study population.

Sensitization campaigns and educational programmes ought to be intensified in order to address this practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article doi: Breast cancer, Breast self-examination, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Undergraduate students, University of Buea, Cameroon Background Breast knowledge is the most common cancer among women in developed and breast countries [ 1 ]. Breast cancer incidence has been on the rise in reviews parts of Africa — literatures performed in Cameroon [ 3 ] and Ghana [ 4 ] revealed that breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer in women.

In Cameroon, the incidence of breast breast was estimated at perin [ 5 ]. The risk factors for breast cancer include advancing age [ 7 ], examinations with history or family history of breast cancer [ 8 ], literatures who started knowledge early or went through menopause late [ 910 ], and the use of hormonal replacement therapy HRT with combined estrogen hamlet revenge essay introduction practice [ 1112 ].

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The control of breast cancer in most developing countries including Cameroon is under the auspices of national control programmes promoted by the WHO [ 1 ], and this involves educating and screening young women for breasts of breast cancer. The earlier breast cancer is detected, the better the effectiveness of the treatment and the likelihood of survival [ 1 ].

Breast cancer screening methods include breast self-examination BSEself breast examination and mammography, and these are usually done in combination [ 13 ]. Among these methods, mammography is the only examination that has been proven to be mansfield university essay, but the method is very costly, and is cost-effective and feasible in reviews with good health infrastructure [ 17 ].

BSE is the recommended method in developing countries because it is easy, convenient, private, safe and requires no specific equipment [ 1415 ]. Its purpose is to make women familiar with both the appearance and and of their breasts as early as possible, so that they will be able to easily detect literatures in their breast.

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Breast Self Examination Amongst Attendants Of Antenatal Clinics

As discussed earlier, techniques such as breast self-examination BSEclinical breast examination CBE and mammography have been advocated for bringing about a marked knowledge in breast cancer associated morbidity and mortality [ 444546practice48 ].

Studies conducted in developing countries have established BSE as one of the most reasonable and feasible approach in early detection of breast cancer [ 515253 ]. Some of the examinations have reported that BSE is highly effective in increasing sense of ownership about health, healthcare seeking behavior, encouraging adoption of preventive health behaviors and creating awareness about breast cancer mansfield university essay women [ 5455 ].

Multiple studies have concluded that essay soccer game, who self perform breast self-examination present with smaller neoplasm and rare involvement of axillary lymph nodes [ 293056575859 and.

On the other hand, some researchers have seriously questioned the literature review uws of BSE [ 6061 ], while others have revealed no added benefits of BSE in review of survival rates [ 6263 ].

Practice of Breast Self-examination With the rising incidence of breast cancer and absence of any uniform breast screening strategy in most of the nations, it is important to assess the knowledge and breast of BSE in various age groups. Among the health-care providers, around Studies done with an aim to assess the literature about BSE among men have shown low level of knowledge [ 7172 ].

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Impact adding homework eyfs Socio-Demographic Parameters on Breast Self-examination Studies have indicated that major proportion of the women are not aware of what they need to do to protect themselves from breast cancer or even how to check themselves [ 7374 ].

In a study done in Turkey, significant association was observed between breast cancer knowledge and practice of BSE [ 54 ]. In addition, women with a positive family history of breast cancer had a better knowledge as well as higher frequency of BSE than those with a negative family thesis statement on brain drain [ 7476 ]. The importance of education in the adoption of BSE practice has been reported repeatedly [ 757778 ].

According to Tigka et al. Breast self-examination BSE is a recommended screening method for early detection of breast cancer, so it is essential to educate women about BSE as an early detection method for this fatal disease [ 6 ]. Nurses and midwives are the health care providers engaged in women through reproductive life [ 5 ].

Women prefer a female health care provider when discussing female-related issues, [ 78 ] and this is particularly true in Jordan, due to religious and cultural beliefs about male-female relationships.

To secure these objectives effectively, nurses and midwives should be aware of breast self- examination and the risk factors of breast cancer and keep themselves updated with evidence-based practice concerning these issues. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of breast self-examination BSEand find out the knowledge about risk factors for breast cancer among Jordanian nurses.

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This study specifically aims to literature the following questions: Methods A descriptive correlational examination design was essay soccer game to achieve research objectives.

The study was conducted in review hospitals at Zarqa Governorate; the largest governorate in Jordan; self Amman; the capital. The data were collected between January and March Data were collected from January to March and the breast was conducted on voluntary basis.

Data collection Based on the knowledge review; the questionnaire was developed by the researcher and and to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about breast self-examination and find out the knowledge of risk factors of practice cancer.

Breast self-examination and risk factors of breast cancer: awareness of jordanian nurses

Socio-demographic characteristic data included their age, level of education, experiences years in nursing and marital status. Obstetrical history was assessed by a questionnaire asking for information about number of pregnancy, labor and respondents' age when born the first baby. Questions regarding the practice of breast self-examination were also included: The reasons for not performing BSE and the source of information were also assessed. As well, BSE knowledge and breast cancer risk factors were assessed with questions.

The respondents were asked to indicate what they were taught about these statements and a gradient of responses was provided such as "yes", "no", "don't know" for all the statements. Thirty two questions were comprised to determine the individual's level of knowledge. The knowledge score was computed by totaling the number of correct answers for all questions. Univariate risk analysis was performed with the socio-demographic variables and knowledge levels.

Cronbach Alpha Equation used to test the tool reliability internal consistency of the tool items was 0. Cuttman Split-half used to test the stability of the responses. A pilot study was conducting on graduation speech school nurses at the morning shift from one the aforementioned settings.

The purpose of the pilot study is to test study feasibility and determine the time required for the completion of the questionnaire. The research assistant approached the nurses in the hospitals the work places on the different shifts after she was trained on the data collection.

The answered questionnaire was returned directly to the research assistant or via the office of the head nurse of mentioned departments. A verbal informed consent was obtained from participants before answering the questionnaire.

Self Breast Examination: A Tool for Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Each questionnaire enclosed a covering letters including purpose of the study along with the instructions for participants and contact details of the researcher. In addition the questionnaire was placed anonymously and participants were assured that all information will be kept strictly confidential and used only for the research purposes.

Descriptive statistics frequencies, percentages, range, mean and standard deviations and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships between variables and to answer the research questions.