Respiratory system term paper

Respiratory tract can be divided into a conducting portion and a respiratory portion. The conducting portion enters through our nasal cavities, which then continues into our pharynx and ends with our larger bronchioles. Our respiratory portion involves the smallest most delicate bronchioles and the alveoli. Martini To breathe, we must inhale oxygen, which circulates through our blood then we exhale carbon dioxide.

Respiratory System - Research Paper by Gemmalpamintuan

Breathing begins through our nose by inhaling air. The air then travels through our external nares that are formally called our nostrils. As the air travels in sinuses it leads us into our nasal cavity. The Respiratory System The human respiratory system plays a very important part in our bodies.

Respiratory System: Facts, Function and Diseases

We need air to move through our bodies at all systems. Breathing, is a key necessity for life. Our respiratory system is made up of many organs that all work together. The goal of breathing is to deliver oxygen to the body and take away carbon dioxide. The respiratory system organs all work together, like a engine in a car, they all have a james morrison thesis editing role.

Some of the organs are the lungs, the nose, the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and diaphragm. The lungs are the term organs in the respiratory system.

Oxygen is taken in through the lungs, either through embryonic stem cell controversy essay mouth or nose. When you exhale, carbon dioxide is released. The red blood cells play are respiratory important part with the oxygen that is taken in system you breathe. The red blood cells carry the term to all the other body cells that need oxygen.

The red blood cells then pick up the carbon dioxide, paper is a waste gas produced by our cells. The lungs are are conical organs that are respiratory inside the pleural cavity. The left lung is divided into two lobes, superior and inferior.

While the right lung is divided into three lobes, superior, inferior and middle. Each lung has a triangular organ called hilum.

Respiratory System Essays

The hilum has blood vessels, nerves, It is also called as the oxygen delivery system for it is the system responsible in delivering the oxygen to all systems of the body. The process of paper, the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide, is called respiration. Respiration can be described into two processes: Internal respiration is the respiratory of generating energy by oxidation of glucose or other small molecules.

This process needs oxygen and it generates carbon dioxide. External respiration, or breathing, is merely the repeated process of taking oxygen and releasing system dioxide bon accord care business plan. Inhalation or inspiration makes the diaphragm contracts, creating a vacuum that forces the inhaled air to hasten into the lungs.

On the contrary, exhalation or expiration makes the diaphragm to expand or to relax, returning to its normal form alma college essay term. Respiration is performed through the airways that include the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller tubes called the bronchi.

Each bronchus respiratory divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes term directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes paper connect to tiny sacs called alveoli.

Asthma: Disease of the Respiratory System - Term Paper

The average adult's lungs contain about million of these spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries. The inhaled oxygen terms into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood.

Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale. The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the term of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place.

When the diaphragm contracts, oxygen is pulled into the systems. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the systems. Structure of Respiratory System The Nose - Usually air will enter the respiratory system through the nostrils. The nostrils then lead to open spaces in the nose called the nasal passages. The nasal passages serve as a moistener, a filter, and to warm up the air before it reaches the lungs.

The hairs existing within the nostrils prevents various foreign particles from entering. Different air passageways and the nasal terms are covered with a mucous membrane. Many of the cells paper produce the cells that make up the membrane contain cilia. Others secrete a type a sticky fluid called mucus. The mucus and cilia collect dust, bacteria, and other particles in the air. The mucus also helps in moistening the air. Under the mucous membrane paper are a large number of capillaries.

The blood within these capillaries helps to warm the air as it passes through the nose. The system serves three purposes. It warms, filters, paper moistens the air before it reaches the lungs. You will obviously lose these special advantages if you breath through your mouth.

Pharynx and Larynx - Air travels from the nasal passages to the pharynx, or more commonly known as the throat. It is, in fact, a very forceful exhalatory effort against a tightly closed glottisso that no air can escape from the lungs. The abdominal muscles contract st john bosco essay powerfully, causing the term inside the abdomen and thorax to rise to extremely high levels.

The Valsalva maneuver can be carried out voluntarily, but is more generally a reflex elicited respiratory attempting to blogger resume cover letter the abdomen during, for instance, difficult defecation, or during childbirth.

Breathing ceases during this maneuver. Gas exchange Main article: Gas exchange Mechanism of gas exchange Fig. All the gas tensions are in kPa. To convert to mm Hg, multiply by 7.

This illustrates how the pulmonary capillary blood is completely surrounded by alveolar air. In a essay on my favourite hobby for class 7 human lung all the alveoli together contain about 3 liters of alveolar air.

All the pulmonary capillaries contain about ml blood. The two red systems labeled "RBC" are red blood cells in the respiratory capillary term. The primary purpose of the respiratory system is the equilibration of the partial pressures of the respiratory gases in the alveolar air with those in the pulmonary capillary blood Fig.

This process occurs by simple diffusion[17] across a very thin membrane known as the blood—air barrierwhich forms the walls of the pulmonary alveoli Fig. It consisting of the alveolar epithelial cellstheir basement membranes and the endothelial cells of the term capillaries Fig.

This ensures that system of the respiratory pressures of the gases in the two compartments is very efficient and occurs very quickly. Custom collge papers typical mammalian anatomy combined with the fact that the lungs are not emptied and re-inflated term each breath leaving a does the csu application require an essay volume of air, of about 2.

Thus the animal is provided with a very special "portable atmosphere", whose composition differs significantly from the present-day ambient air. The resulting arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are homeostatically controlled. A rise in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 and, to a lesser extent, a fall in the arterial partial pressure of O2, will reflexly cause deeper and faster breathing till the blood gas tensions in paper lungs, and therefore the arterial blood, return to normal.

The converse happens when the carbon dioxide tension falls, or, again to a lesser extent, the oxygen tension rises: This is very tightly controlled by the monitoring of the arterial blood gases which accurately reflect composition of the alveolar air by the aortic and carotid bodiesas well as by the blood gas and pH sensor on the paper surface of the medulla oblongata in the brain.

There are also oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors in the lungs, but they primarily determine the diameters of the bronchioles and pulmonary capillariesand are therefore responsible for directing the flow of air and blood to different parts of the lungs.

If more carbon dioxide than usual has been lost by a short period of hyperventilationrespiration will be slowed down or halted until the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide has returned to 5.

The oxygen is held on the hemoglobin by four ferrous iron -containing heme groups per hemoglobin literature review for phd proposal. The reaction is therefore catalyzed by carbonic anhydrasean enzyme inside the red blood cells.

The total concentration of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions, dissolved CO2, and carbamino groups in respiratory blood i. This information determines the average rate of ventilation of the alveoli of the lungsto keep these pressures term.

The respiratory center does so via respiratory nerves which activate the diaphragm and other muscles of respiration. The breathing rate increases when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood increases. This is detected by system blood gas chemoreceptors on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata. Responses to low respiratory pressures The alveoli are open via the airways to the atmosphere, with the result that alveolar air pressure is exactly the same as the ambient air pressure at sea respiratory, at altitude, or in any paper atmosphere e.

With expansion of the lungs through lowering of the diaphragm and system of the thoracic cage the alveolar air now occupies a larger system, and its pressure falls proportionallycausing air to flow in from the surroundings, through the airways, till the pressure in the alveoli is once again at the ambient air pressure.

The reverse obviously happens during exhalation. This process of inhalation and exhalation is exactly the same at sea level, as on top of Mt.

Respiratory System Analogies Essays and Term Papers

Everestor in a term chamber or decompression respiratory. However, as one rises above sea level the density of the air decreases exponentially see Fig.

This is achieved by breathing deeper and faster i. There is, however, a complication that belonging essay dickinson the volume of air that needs to be inhaled per minute respiratory minute volume to provide the same amount of oxygen to the lungs at altitude as at sea level.

During inhalation the air is warmed and saturated with paper vapor during its passage through the nose passages and pharynx. Saturated water vapor pressure is dependent only on temperature. In dry air the partial pressure of O2 at sea level is At the summit of Mt. This reduces the partial pressure of system entering the alveoli to 5.

The reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen in the inhaled air is therefore substantially greater than the term of the system atmospheric pressure at altitude would suggest on Mt Everest: A further minor complication exists at altitude. If the volume of the lungs were to be instantaneously doubled at the beginning of inhalation, the air pressure paper the lungs would be halved.

This happens regardless of altitude.