Literature review for phd proposal - Phd Proposal Literature Review

Unless you are doing original archival research, you may find many topics have already been covered.

Once you have decided on an original angle or have found an author or literary theme that has gone virtually unstudied, you are ready to draft the dissertation proposal. All institutions have formatting standards for the proposal.

Familiarize yourself with these, as you will be expected to follow them. Among the standards will be the required length, which can range from 2, words to almost pages if a sample chapter and bibliography are required. Institutions are also strict with pagination and format standards; some have individuals whose jobs involve verifying your adherence to standards.

When you have questions, consult your dissertation director or talk to the graduate school. A good literature dissertation proposal will be sufficiently specific.

The website Dissertation Tips suggests that you should choose a topic that can sustain your interest for a long time but with which you can remain objective. Your logic should be easy to follow. Your proposal should build on published research but show promise of originality -- your contribution to literature scholarship.

Proposal standards will likely differ per institution, but various elements are universal. You will be asked to provide a working title.

Some institutions and English departments may want a short, descriptive title that summarizes your argument.

You may be allowed by some advisers to use a longer title, since a multi-part title better suits a complex topic. For example, if you examine the sociological or psychological implications of a recurring metaphor in the fiction of Joyce Carol Oates and Angela Carter or perhaps three or more authors, a short title will not suffice. The working title is typically followed by an introduction, which is an overview of the proposal.

Phd Proposal Literature Review

A list of research questions may be helpful, as it makes you consider the feasibility of your research. The next section, the review of literature, demonstrates that you know the published work of other scholars in your specialty area. Some professors may require an explanation of your research methodology, which will help you determine what potentially physics homework #93 research seems to be missing so that you can seek it out.

Remember, the proposal is a working version of the dissertation topic and should help you determine what your next research steps should be. Below is an example of a lit. In the last few years, prompted largely by the work of Card and Krugernumerous articles on the employment effects of minimum wage legislation have appeared.

This renewed interest in how minimum wages affect employment leads naturally to another question: What factors determine the minimum wage? Despite the ubiquity of minimum wage legislation, this question has received surprisingly little attention.

Dissertation Literature Review

One reason may be that in the U. Since this hot to do a bibliography wage changes only occasionally, most U.

Since the Canadian minimum wage is under provincial, not federal jurisdiction, there has been substantial variation in the level and timing of changes in the wage across provinces, thus providing the opportunity to explore a relatively rich panel data set.

To date, only one For each year he found only the union variable increased the probability of an in-favor vote - and only for Republicans, since Democrats almost universally support minimum wage increases. An earlier contribution is Silberman and Durden who examined congressmen's votes for the amendment to increase the minimum wage.

Using variables for each congressional district, they found larger political contributions by unions and larger proportions of low-income families increased the proposal of an affirmative vote, while larger campaign contributions from small business and larger proportions of teen-age workers reduced the probability.

Kau and Rubin expanded Silberman and Durden's analysis to five separate cross sections covering five legislated increases in the federal minimum wage between and They found that higher state wages clark county school district homework hotline a measure of the congressperson's liberalism phd always positively and significantly associated with votes review, while percentage of for in the state was negatively related, but not significant, in all the cross sections.