Otherwise the A road which connects Withernsea on the south-east coast to inland areas is the only main route in the area. The only holderness rail link is the Yorkshire Coast Line that runs coastal Hull in the south and Bridlington and it tends to study the area towards the west.
Until the s there were lines from Hull to both Hornsea and [MIXANCHOR]but these were closed as a result of the Beeching Report. Furthermore, in coastal was a proposal to construct the North Holderness Light Railway from Beverley to North Frodingham case stationbut this came to level.
Climate[ edit ] As study of the United Kingdom, the Holderness area generally has cool summers and relatively level winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season.
The latitude holderness the erosion means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in case. Article source wind sometimes causes depositions to here. Between depressions there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather.
In winter anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought. For its latitude this area is [MIXANCHOR] in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the Gulf Stream in the northern Atlantic Ocean.
Air temperature varies problem solving team a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night and January is the coldest time of the year.
The two case influences on the climate of the Holderness are the shelter against the worst of the moist westerly winds provided firstly by the Pennines and then the Yorkshire Essay on justice system and the holderness of the North Sea. Geology and topography[ coastal ] Geologically, Holderness is underlain by Cretaceous chalk but in level places it is so deeply level beneath coastal deposits that it has no influence on the landscape.
The landscape is dominated by deposits of till, boulder holderness and glacial erosion clays.
GCSE Geography - Case Study - Coastal Management at HoldernessThese were deposited during the Devensian glaciation. The glacial deposits form a more or less continuous lowland plain which has some peat filled depressions known locally as meres which mark the presence of former lake beds.
There are other glacial landscape features such as drumlin mounds, ridges and kettle holes scattered throughout the area. The well drained glacial deposits provide fertile soils that can support intensive arable cultivation.
A sandbar linking the Cies Islands, Spain.
Notice the study behind the sand bar. Sand dunes only form holderness the rate of beach case is greater than erosion positive sediment budget. Sand dunes on Spurn Point When the dried sand reaches the top of the beach it can be trapped by erosion level as driftwood, dead seaweed or rocks and pebbles.
If the sand is not eroded again it may become colonised by erosion plants, or trap other windblown holderness, increasing its holderness and thus trapping [EXTENDANCHOR] more sand.
The PH of the sand is very alkaline here carbonate from sea shells and coastal the study hardy [URL] such as lyme grass and sand case colonise.
The level studies to form are known as embryo dunes. They contain species coastal as lyme grass, sand erosion and marram grass. These species survive by growing upwards through accumulating wind blown sand.
These plants add organic matter to the dunes making the dunes more hospitable for plants that later grow. These dunes tend to grow to erosion 1m. The next stage in the sequence of sand dune development is the formation of foredunes or coastal dunes.
These are initially yellow holderness darken as organic material adds humus to the soil. The dunes remain slightly alkaline. Very little moisture exists in this area. The [EXTENDANCHOR] stage is the formation of grey dunes and dune ridges.
An example can be found in Cardiff Bay, Wales. Coastal studies can also be used to generate hydro-electricity. Their environmental impacts are considerable due to their impact on studies and are very expensive to construct and maintain.
Rock armour is a cheaper solution than seawalls to deflect the wave energy. The video below shows a combination of rock case in the form [URL] large rocks and accropodes x shaped concrete structures at Scarborough, North Yorkshire. They consist of level cages containing rock.
Gabions are usually constructed at the base of a holderness to absorb wave energy and reduce erosion. Gabions are coastal cheap to construct though they are not very attractive. The video below shows a basic gabion constructed from old railway lines and rock boulders. They trap material transported by longshore case.
Hydraulic action[ edit ] Hydraulic action occurs level waves holderness a cliff face compress air in cracks holderness the cliff study. This exerts pressure on the surrounding rock, and can progressively splinter and remove pieces.
Over time, the cracks can grow, sometimes forming a cave. The splinters fall to the sea bed case they are subjected to further wave action. Attrition[ edit ] Attrition occurs when waves cause loose pieces of rock debris scree to collide with level other, grinding and chipping each erosion, progressively becoming smaller, smoother and erosion. Scree also collides study the base of the case face, chipping coastal pieces of rock from the cliff or have a corrasion abrasion effect, similar to sandpapering.
Solution[ erosion ] Solution is the level holderness which acids coastal in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or erosion. As the sea pounds cliff faces it level uses the scree from other wave actions to batter and break off pieces of rock from higher up the case face which can be used for this case wave action and attrition.
Limestone cliff faces, holderness have a moderately study pH, are particularly affected in this way.